The Book of Samuel : Studies in History, Historiography, Theology and Poetics Combined : Part one

	The Book of Samuel : Studies in History, Historiography, Theology and Poetics Combined : Part one מחבר: משה גרסיאל שנת ההוצאה: 2018 מילות מפתח: פרשנות המקרא; היסטוריוגרפיה מקראית; דוד (המלך); שאול (המלך); תנ"ך. שמואל; מלוכה (מקרא); מקרא; פרשנות; תנ"ך - פרשנות; תנ"ך פרשנות; פרשנות תנ"ך; פרשנות התנ"ך; פרשנות תנך; פרשנות ת.נ.ך; פרד"ס; פשט; דרש; רמז; סוד; הסטוריוגרפיה מקראית; תנ"ך - היסטוריוגרפיה; תנ"ך - הסטוריוגרפיה; המלך דוד; דוד המלך; דויד (המלך); שאול המלך; שאול; שאול בן קיש; שאול (בן קיש); שמואל; ת. נ. ך.; שמואל (ספר); ת.נ.ך.; ספר שמואל; מלך; מלכים; מלכה הספר מציע פרשנות בין־תחומית לסיפור דוד בספר שמואל, מן הקרב עם גוליית בשמואל א יז ועד סוף שמואל ב כ. המחבר מנתח את עליית דוד, יחסיו עם שאול ויונתן, דרכו אל המלוכה, כיבוש ירושלים, מלחמותיו, פרשת בת שבע ואוריה, משברי בית דוד ומרידות אבשלום ושבע בן בכרי, תוך שילוב בין חקר המקרא, היסטוריוגרפיה, ביקורת ספרותית וניתוח פוליטי־היסטורי. במרכז הספר עומדת התזה כי ספר שמואל נתחבר בידי שני סופרים בעלי עמדות מנוגדות כלפי דוד: האחד חיובי יותר ופעל בראשית ימי שלמה, והשני ביקורתי יותר ופעל באחרית ימיו. בכך מבקש הספר לחשוף את המורכבות הספרותית והאידאולוגית של סיפורי דוד ואת האופן שבו עוצבה דמותו במסורת המקראית. אל הספר נושא/נושאים: , העת העתיקה, נביאים, פרשנות תוכן הספר: The Book of Samuel: Studies in History, Historiography, Theology and Poetics Combined Contents Foreword Introduction: The Book of Samuel and Its Study 0.1. Name and Structure of the Traditional Book 0.1.1. The Book’s Name 0.1.2. The Book’s Boundaries and General Structure 0.1.3. The Book’s Contents 0.2. Earlier Approaches to the Book’s Sources and Composition Stages 0.2.1. Chronicles’ Reference Regarding the Sources of David’s History 0.2.2. The Talmud’s View about the Book’s Composition 0.2.3. Abarbanel’s View Regarding the Book’s Composition and its Editing 0.3. Discrete Modern Approaches to the Study of the Book of Samuel 0.3.1. Source Criticism 0.3.2. Form Criticism and the Study of the History of Tradition Collections 0.3.3. The Reduction Analysis 0.3.4. The Book of Samuel as an Historical Source for Early Israel 0.3.5. The Debate Regarding the Book’s Historical Reliability 0.3.6. Back to the Text: Canonic Studies and Rhetorical Criticism 0.3.6.1. The Canonic Study 0.3.6.2. A Synchronic Literary Reading 0.4. The Book of Samuel’s Historical Platform: the Import of the Text’s History 0.5. A New Suggestion for the Book’s Composition and Reliability 0.5.1. Arguments for an Early Date for most of the Book of Samuel 0.5.2. The Compositional Stages of the Book of Samuel 0.5.3. How Should We Deal with the Four Stages of the Book Chapter 1: How David Kills Goliath and Becomes a High-Ranking Commander 1.1. The Valley of Elah Battle and the Duel of David with Goliath (1 Sam 17): An Historical Analysis 1.1.1. The Political and Military Background of the Battle 1.1.2. The Armies’ Initial Movements and their Discrete Strategies 1.1.3. Movements to the Battlefield and the Final Deployment of Both Armies 1.1.4. The Description of Goliath’s Appearance and Weaponry vis-a-vis David’s 1.1.4.1. The Philistine Giant’s Identification: Problems and Solutions 1.1.4.2. Goliath’s Physics and His Special Weaponry 1.1.4.3. Goliath’s Arms as Indicative of the Story’s Date and Historical Context 1.1.5. Goliath’s Challenge and the Israelites’ Response 1.1.6. The Victory and its Aftermath 1.2. Discrete Meanings of the Storytelling in Its Earlier and Later Compositions 1.2.1. Context, Structure and Message of the Story in the Earlier Book 1.2.2. The Story’s Context, Structure, Devices and Message in the Latter Book 1.2.2.1. The Second Author’s Analogies regarding the First Israelite Leaders 1.2.2.2. The Battle of Elah in Light of the Battle of Michmas 1.2.2.3. Puns as a Literary Device in the Story of David and Goliath 1.2.2.4. A Comparison Between David and the Israelites 1.2.2.5. The Comparison Between David and the Two Tall Israelites 1.2.2.6. Encounter and Reconciliation between David and the King 1.2.2.7. The Single Combat between David and Goliath: a Literary Viewpoint 1.2.2.8. The King and his Army Commander Inquire about David’s Identity 1.2.2.9. David and Saul in Comparative Structure Reflecting the Author’s Thesis Chapter 2: Vicissitudes in the Relationship Between Saul and David 2.1. Saul’s Kingship Undermined: The Historiographical Picture 2.2. David in Saul’s Court 2.2.1. David in the Service of King Saul: Historiography and Poetics Combined 2.2.2. King Saul Becomes Hostile Towards David 2.2.3. Jonathan: Torn between his Father the King and his Dear Friend 2.2.3.1. Jonathan and David in their First Stage of Commitment (18:1–5) 2.2.3.2. Jonathan’s First Defense on David’s Behalf to his Father (19:1–7) 2.2.3.3. The Meeting of Jonathan and David, before David’s Flight (20:1—21:1) 2.2.3.4. The Last Meeting between Jonathan and David (23:16–18) 2.2.4. David and his Relationship with Michal, Daughter of King Saul 2.2.4.1. Love, Marriage and Deterioration between David and Michal 2.2.4.2. Michal helps David Escape and Saul Remarries her to Phalti 2.2.4.3. David and Michal in a Long Separation and a Surprise Reunion 2.2.4.4. David and Michal in a Conflict after the Celebration of the Ark 2.3. Outside the Court: the Fugitive David Becomes Commander of Outlaws 2.3.1. David Appears at the Shrine of Nob 2.3.2. David Flees to the Philistine Main City, Gath 2.3.3. David Assembles a Battalion in Judah, and Moves to Moab and Back 2.3.3.1. David Organizes his Battalion in the Adullam Area 2.3.3.2. Saul Orders the Massacre of the Priests of Nob 2.3.3.3. The Purpose of Delaying the Story of the Nob Massacre in the Text 2.3.3.4. Sin and Punishment—A Literary Analysis of the Nob Tragedy 2.3.3.5. David and his Troops Move to Moab 2.3.3.6. David and his Troops Return to a Forested Area in Judah 2.3.3.7. David Saves Keilah 2.3.4. David Moves Southeastwards and Saul Repeatedly Chases him 2.3.4.1. The Last Meeting between Jonathan and David—in Context 2.3.4.2. Saul’s First Pursuit after David and his Followers 2.3.4.3. Saul Organizes a Second Pursuit to Encounter David 2.3.4.4. Saul’s Third Pursuit in the Southeastern Area 2.3.5. The Story of David, Nabal and Abigail in Historical and Literary Context Chapter 3: Saul’s Demise and David’s Twisted Road to Power 3.1. David and his Band Move to Philistia and are Welcomed by Achish 3.1.1. David’s Reasons for Moving to Philistia 3.1.2. David Negotiates with Achish and Settles in Philistia 3.1.3. David with his Band and their Families Settle in Ziklag 3.2. The Philistines and the Israelites Prepare for the Definitive War 3.2.1. The Armies’ Mobilization and Deployment towards the Battle 3.2.2. Saul’s Nocturnal Trip to the Necromancer as a Tragic Episode 3.2.2.1. The Context of the Episode of Saul’s Visit to the Necromancer 3.2.2.2. The Exposition to the Apparition Episode and its Implied Comparisons 3.2.2.3. Saul Tries to Inquire of the Lord but Goes to Consult a Necromancer 3.2.2.4. Saul in the Necromancer’s House and the Debate Regarding his Request 3.2.2.5. Samuel’s Appearance Opens a Bitter Dialogue between the Two Men 3.2.2.6. The Bitter Dialogue between the Prophet and the King 3.2.2.7. The Dialogue between the Woman and the King, and Saul’s Last Meal 3.2.2.8. Evaluation and Message of the Episode at En-dor 3.3. David Joins Achish, Returns to Ziklag, and Chases the Amalekites 3.3.1. Achish Orders David to Join him in the Imminent Battle 3.3.2. David’s Loyalty in a Dispute between Achish and his Commanders 3.3.3. Achish Orders David to Return in Peace 3.3.4. David Returns to Ziklag and Finds it Devastated by Marauders 3.3.5. David’s Victorious Pursuit of the Marauders 3.4. The Philistines Defeat Saul’s Army and Expand Their Hegemony 3.4.1. The Jezreel and Gilboa Battle (31:1–13): An Historical Examination 3.4.2. The Three Versions of Saul’s Final Moments 3.4.3. The Consequences of Saul’s Last War: the Historiographical Picture 3.5. Subtle Comparisons in the Last Episodes of Saul’s Reign 3.5.1. The Fear Motif and God’s Advice as Contrasts between Saul and David 3.5.2. The Contrast between David and Saul in their Treatment of Amalek 3.5.3. The Death of Saul and his Sons vis-à-vis the Death of Eli and his Sons Chapter 4: David Becomes King and Expands His Kingdom 4.1. David’s Last Days in Ziklag and Early Years as a King in Hebron 4.1.1. David Laments the Defeat and the Fall of Saul and Jonathan 4.1.1.1. The Literary Shape, Devices and Message of David’s Lament 4.1.1.2. The Historical, Political and Military Aspects of the Lament 4.1.2. David’s Last Days in Ziklag and his Move to Judah 4.1.3. The Establishment of Two Parallel Kingdoms 4.2. Tensions Rise Between the Two Kingdoms 4.2.1. David’s First Steps in Consolidating his Kingdom 4.2.2. David Turns to Conquer the Jebusite Enclave of Jerusalem 4.2.3. The Description of the Conquest of Zion in the Books of Samuel and Chronicles 4.3. The Encounter at the Pool of Gibeon and its Ensuing Battle 4.3.1. The Rival Armies Arrive and Meet at the Reservoir Pool of Gibeon 4.3.2. The Contest between the Two Rival Teams near the Pool 4.3.3. The Confrontation between the Two Armies 4.4. The Span of David’s Reign Versus Ishbosheth’s Reign 4.4.1. The Earlier Two Years of the Parallel Rule of Both Kings 4.4.2. Abner’s Activity to Unite the Kingdoms and his Tragic Assassination 4.5. Ishbosheth’s Kingdom Deteriorates and David Becomes Its King 4.5.1. The Pre-Agreement between Abner and D 4.5.2. Abner Arrives with a Delegation of Dignitaries in Hebron 4.5.3. The Assassinations of Abner and Ishbosheth and the Aftermath 4.5.4. David Becomes the King over all Israel 4.6. The Two Early Battles Against the Philistines in the Valley of Rephaim 4.6.1. The Maneuvers of the Two Armies in the First Battle near Jerusalem 4.6.2. The Intelligence Mission of David’s Three Commanders of the Elite Unit 4.6.3. David Leaves the Fortress and Breaks through the Enemy Siege 4.6.4. The Second Battle against the Philistines near Jerusalem 4.7. Jerusalem Declared “The City of David” and Its Development 4.7.1. The Merits of Jerusalem as the Capital of the Unified Kingdom 4.7.2. The Building of Jerusalem and the Palace of David 4.7.3. Jerusalem Becomes a Center for the Israelite Religion 4.7.3.1. The Transfer of the Ark of the Covenant 4.7.3.2. The Two Stages of the Ark’s Transfer and the Criticism of the King 4.7.3.3. The Second Transfer of the Ark of the Covenant to its Tent 4.8. Nathan’s Oracle and David’s Prayer Regarding David’s House 4.8.1. The Temporal, Ideological and Literary Context of Nathan’s Oracle 4.8.2. The Debate about the Eternity of the Treaty between God and David 4.8.3. The Debate about the Time of Composition of Nathan’s Oracle Chapter 5: David’s Army: Its Formation, Art of Warfare and Main Wars 5.1. The Establishment of the Heroes’ Unit under the Command of ’Eshba‘al 5.1.1. Early History of “The Heroes of David” Unit 5.1.2. The First Commander of the Elite Unit: his Identification and Exploits 5.1.2.1. The Qeiyafa Excavations and its ’Eshbaʿal Inscription 5.1.2.2. The Name “’Eshbaʿal” Engraved on the Qeiyafa Jar and its Meaning 5.1.2.3. The Father’s Name Bdʿa in the Qeiyafa Inscription and its Meaning 5.1.3. How do Biblical Scribes Cope with the Theophoric Element Baal? 5.1.3.1. The Dealing with the Component Baʿal in the Tradition of Jerubaʿal 5.1.3.2. The Treatment of the Name ’Eshbaʿal in Samuel and Chronicles 5.1.4. The Identification of ’Eshba‘al from Qeiyafa with David’s Hero Commander 5.1.4.1. References in 2 Samuel to the Hero Commander 5.1.4.2. Overt and Latent References in Chronicles to the Heroes’ Commander 5.1.4.3. The Reconstructed Biography of ’Eshbaʿal-Jashobeam 5.1.4.4. A Summary of ’Eshbaʿal’s History in Light of New Evidence 5.2. David’s Elite Warriors as Described in the Books of Samuel and Chronicles 5.2.1. David’s Heroes Fighting Philistine Giants in the Parallel Sources 5.2.1.1. The Battle against the First of the Rephaim from Gath 5.2.1.2. The Second Combat with Another Giant of the Rephaim 5.2.1.3. The Third Combat of Elhanan with Goliath or his Brother 5.2.1.4. The Fourth Anecdote of Slaying a Giant and the Combats’ Summary 5.2.2. David’s Elite Company of Warriors as Listed in the Parallel Sources 5.2.2.1. Problems and Solutions in Comparing the Parallel Lists and Rosters 5.2.2.2 The Development and History of the Elite Brig 5.3. David’s Army, Its Development, Strategy and Operations 5.3.1. The Earliest Stage: from Adullam to Hebron 5.3.2. The Intermediate Stage: David Consolidates his Hegemony in the West 5.3.3. A New Stage of Enrichment of the Army with Elite Brigades 5.3.3.1. The Special Brigades under Separate Commands of David and Joab 5.3.3.2. The Philistine Brigade 5.3.3.3. The Chariotry Small Unit 5.3.3.4. The Call-Up System of the Reservists’ Units 5.4. David’s Wars in the North and East and the Formation of His Mini-Empire 5.4.1. David’s Wars against Other Foreign Enemies in the East and North 5.4.1.1. The First Battle against the Ammonite and Aramean Kingdoms 5.4.1.2. David Surprises the Assembled Aramean Forces in Helam 5.4.1.3. The Surprise Invasion and Conquest of Edom 5.4.1.4. Deterioration of the Aramean Alliance and the Conflict over Affiliation 5.4.1.5. War and Brutal Punishment against the Moabite Kingdom 5.4.1.6. Wars and Victory in Stages against the Ammonite Kingdom 5.4.1.7. Invasion and Victory against the Rest of the Aramean Federation 5.4.2. The Reflection of David’s Wars and Conquests in the Biblical Sources 5.4.2.1. David’s Wars in the Theological Historiography of the Book of Samuel 5.4.2.2. David’s Wars in the Theo-Political Approach of Chronicles Chapter 6: David, Bathsheba, Uriah, Joab and Nathan—In Deep Crises 6.1. Source, Structure and Context of the Story of Adultery and Murder 6.2. David’s Sins as Seen by Jewish Early Exegesis 6.3. Reading the Story as Literature in a Modern Approach 6.3.1. The Story of David and Bathsheba as an Ironic Criticism (E.M. Good) 6.3.2. The Story of David and Bathsheba as a Model for “Gap Filling” 6.3.2.1. Gaps that Need Filling in the Story of David and Bathsheba 6.3.2.2. Rejoinders and Response of the Gap-Filling Reading 6.4. Reading the Description of the Sin as a Story Combined with Other Disciplines 6.4.1. The Spatial and Temporal Exposition to the Sin Episode (11:1–2a) 6.4.2. Temporal Reading of the Final Conquest of Rabbah by David 6.4.3. David Walks, Sees and Investigates—the Beginning Point of Sin 6.4.4. Bathsheba’s Stand and Attitude regarding the Happenings 6.4.5. Uriah’s Behavior in Jerusalem and his Return to the Battlefield 6.4.6. The Discrete Descriptions of Uriah’s Death 6.4.6.1. David’s Order and Joab’s Problems in Executing it as Ordered 6.4.6.2. The Reconstruction of Joab’s Abortive Battle to Capture Rabbah 6.4.6.3. A Literary Study of the Descriptions and Responses of the Defeat 6.4.7. The Judgment of David’s Sins by the Lord and Nathan 6.4.8. How the Two Authors Cope with David’s Sins and Nathan’s Reprimand Chapter 7: Family Disputes and National Revolts Undermining David’s House 7.1. Rape and Murder in the Royal Family: The Episode of Amnon and Tamar 7.1.1. A Close Reading of the Episodes of Tamar, Amnon and Absalom 7.1.1.1. The Exposition (13:1–2) 7.1.1.2. Jonadab’s Advice to Amnon and the King’s Visit in Amnon’s House (3–7) 7.1.1.3. Tamar Prepares Pancakes and Amnon Prepares the Place 7.1.1.4. The Tragic Event of the Brutal Rape (11–14) 7.1.1.5. The First Reactions to the Rape by the Characters (15–22) 7.2. The Murder of Amnon Followed by Absalom’s Flight and His Return 7.2.1. Absalom Murders Amnon and Flees to the King of Geshur (23–29) 7.3. Absalom Returns to Jerusalem from His Exile (2 Sam 14) 7.4. Absalom’s Rebellion and his Failure 7.4.1. The Chronological Aspects of Absalom’s Life and Activity 7.4.2. The Reliability of the Historiographical Description of Both Revolts 7.4.3. The Historical Incentive and Causes of the Two Revolts 7.4.3.1. Problems in the National, Political, and Socio-Economic Domains 7.4.3.2. The Royal Construction Encounters the Old Tribal System 7.4.3.3. Tensions within the Royal Family as Factors of Instability and Revolt 7.4.4. The Construction and Supporters of Absalom’s Camp 7.4.5. The Construction and Supporters of King David’s Army 7.4.6. Absalom’s Revolt: Historiographical and Literary Analysis 7.4.6.1. Absalom’s Propaganda about the King’s Negligence of Justice 7.4.6.2. Absalom Recruits Secret Military Forces and Dignitaries 7.4.6.3. David Evacuates Jerusalem and Absalom Moves in 7.4.6.4. David Retreats to Transjordan while Absalom Controls Jerusalem 7.4.6.5. David Sends his Army out of Mahanaim towards Absalom’s Army 7.4.7. The Battle, Triumph, and the King’s First Reaction 7.4.8. Absalom’s Revolt Outlined as a Poetic Historiography 7.5. The Following Revolt of Sheba Son of Bichri 7.5.1. Tribal Tensions and Other Factors Generating Sheba’s Revolt 7.5.2. Struggles Between the Chief Commanders of the Royal Forces 7.5.3. The Suppression of the Revolt: Historiographical and Literary Remarks Chapter 8: Summary and the Main Conclusions Bibliography to Part 1
	עמודים: i ii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv