|
|
עמוד:*33
* 33 With the introduction of the Italian race laws in 1938, the Semitic – as well as the Italian Aryan "race" – were invented, parroting German paradigms . This was the break off of an idyllic romance . Jews with foreign citizenship were expelled from all Empire territories, such as Libya ( De Felice, 1978 ) . Civil servants lost their jobs . Intellectuals, scholars, scientists, physicians and physicists and artists were discharged . Politicians who occupied key roles in Italian cultural, educational, scientific and even military or economic and political establishments suffered from the same fate . One Jewish General, Giorgio Liuzzi, and 300 officers in the Italian army were dismissed ( Cecini, 2008 ) . According to “Il Manifesto Della Razza ,” the first “scientific” document which supported anti - Semitic politics, it was true that the presence of Jews in scientific and educational activities was prevalent, but it was : Due to their Levantine instinct to dominate the [ Aryan ] race, and once they have paralyzed the sensitive ganglia of intellectual life of other people, they cannot offer any contribution to the evolution of human thought, due to the irreparable sterility to the desert [ land ] type they still belong to ( Landra, 1939 ) . This manifesto was seen by scholars and laymen as absurd and inconsistent, and most of the population didn’t fully accept it ( De Felice, 1972 ) . Matteotti’s murder, the “Prussianization of Italy” and race laws were all turning points for Il Duce’s popularity . The fact that Jews in Italy were a small population which contributed to the regime was reframed as living proof of their hidden power : they are a few but their network with alien enemies such as the Freemasons and the Bolshevik International Organization made them dangerous . This attitude appeared in many of Giovanni Preziosi’s vitriolic articles ( De Felice, 1972 ) . For all the Jews it was a traumatic event, but their reactions were very different . Many Jews, nicknamed “attendisti”, decided to wait for a better atmosphere ; others, nicknamed “opportunisti”, tried to convince the regime that their commitment to Italy was firm and accused Zionist Jews for their lack of loyalty to Italy, which provoked hostility against the entire community . For all of them it was like “a bolt from the blue” ( De Felice, 1972, p . 329 ) . Others decided to leave, from this year onward, between 10 - 12 percent of Jews decided to leave Italy ( Pontecorboli, 2014 ) . According to De Felice ( 1972 ) , almost six thousand Italian Jews left the country . To some extent they saw the writing on the wall . The Saved The racial laws were in the short term detrimental to the Italian Empire, as an irreversible step of alliance with the Axis . Also, the laws created discontent among the Italian population . Moreover, the discrimination against Jews and the marginalization of them caused a void in leading roles, previously held by Jews . For example, the academic void was filled by opportunistic and mediocre "Aryan" scholars . Moreover, the significant implication of these
|
אדמוני, אריאל
|