* 64 In many cases, the historical canon adopted a binary "conflict model" by dividing humankind between "We" and "Others" . Internally, this model emphasized the collective unified identity of the in - group and left almost no legitimate place for other or different perspectives . Externally, it utilized the "other" as an instrument of further internal consolidation by highlighting the inherent conflict with its very existence, thus mobilizing the nation's identity to potential struggle against any outside rival or enemy . Real conflicts between nations nurtured this "conflict model" of history education . Moreover, in many cases the "conflict model" of history education accentuated and fueled the real animosity with inspirational legitimacy and revered endurance . In modern times, it enabled nations to engage in mass violence against each other and to mobilizing their youngsters into the battlefields of Colonialism, two World Wars, and many internal and external wars within the frame...
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