|
|
עמוד:*35
* 35 and Rossi’s families ( Pontecorboli, 2014 ) . Italian Jewish physicists gathered due to scientific interest and not because of religious background : Nobel Laureate Emilio Segrè, Bruno Rossi and Bruno Pontecorvo were all Italian Jews . Along with Nobel Laureate Enrico Fermi, a non - Jewish atheist, who married the Jewish Laura Capon and fled to the U . S . as Italy formed race laws . They all contributed to American technological and nuclear projects . To some extent, in cooperation with Jewish German scientists like Albert Einstein and American Jews like Robert Oppenheimer, they empowered the Allies against the Axis in critical stages of World War II, and promoted the U . S . as a super - power for decades to come . For this reason, their discharge from leading positions in Italy and their exodus to the U . S . was also in the long term detrimental to Mussolini and to the Axis . Moreover, Jewish Germans and Italians were among those who warned the American army about nuclear research implications for military goals . Albert Einstein and the Jewish Hungarian scientist Leo Szilard pressed the military apparatus, the government and President Roosevelt to fund the Manhattan project ( Fermi, 1954 ) . Also notable is the Italian Jewish contribution to anti - fascist American propaganda . This ideological approach was opposite to the one presented by the huge Italo - American lower - class community, comprised of earlier migration waves of almost two million people . The latter supported Mussolini and the glory of the Italian Fascist Empire, which gave them a sense of dignity . Italian Jews, however, disseminated a vociferous attitude of anti - fascism . Max Ascoli, one of the founders of the American Mazzini Society, with eminent anti - fascist politician and historian Gaetano Salvemini and others, contributed to anti - fascist propaganda and assisted Italian refugees . To defeat the “monster” was a common mission, which gave an important value and meaning after their tragic migration ( Pontecorboli, 2014 ) . A few Jews were recruited by the Italian news service, The Voice of America, and after the liberation of Sicily, Radio Palermo, directed by Ugo Stille, was the first voice of the allies on Italian territory . As educated Italians, they spoke excellent and cultured Italian, differently from the Italo - Americans who mostly spoke in Italian dialects, or broken Italian with a heavy accent . The former “nice voice” ( Idem, p . 56 ) , mixed with academic knowledge, upgraded them to positions of commentators and reporters . Examples for that were Tullia Zevi and Ugo Stille . 2 Others were recruited by the army which used their academic talents and their linguistic knowledge . 3 Other Jews contributed to the Allies’ by providing them valuable information regarding various topics . That includes the Italian geo - political apparatus, its system of economy, its various infrastructures, and information of strategic points of interest - either for destruction or for reconstruction during the Marshall Plan . After the war, voluntary Tullia Zevi would become the president of the Italian Jewish Communities, and Ugo Stille would become the 2 director of the biggest Italian newspaper Il Corrieredella Sera . Besides Italian, they knew also German and French – languages commonly spoken by the Italian intelligentsia . 3
|
אדמוני, אריאל
|