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עמוד:*32
* 32 methodological term, Pontecorboli was my informant . This paper, using a psychological perspective, will focus on several recurrent themes : trauma, recovery and growth . Race Law Legislation and Trauma Since its inception in 1922, the Fascist regime forced several Jewish Italian people to leave the country . Their religion wasn't the reason most of these expatriates had to leave, but rather due to their involvement as Zionists, or as liberal or socialist political activists . In fact, for 16 years the majority of Jews was involved with Mussolini’s Fascist Empire and ) 1938 - 1922 ( contributed to many sectors of Mussolini’s Fascist regime, even in senior leading positions . For many, this period was the final stage of their emancipation and integration into the Italian society . It is no accident that during the 1930 ’s, 50 % of them were intermarried with Roman Catholics, and 90 % lived in the biggest urban areas . Many of them were patriots, aka anti - Zionist, enthusiastic supporters of the Fascist regime . One example to this attitude is the story of Ettore Ovazza ( Stille, 1991 ) . About 230 Jews marched on Rome in October 1922, seizing the power for Mussolini . Ten percent of them were members of the Fascist Party, orthodox rabbis and most of Turin’s Jews ( Quercioli Mincer, 2010 ) . Prominent Jews served under Mussolini . Guido Jung was minister of economy and Maurizio Rava was vice governor in Libya and general of the fascist milizia . , ) 1935 - 1932 ( Prior to 1937, there was no official policy of antisemitism and cases of violent crimes by the population against Jewish citizens were rare ( De Felice, 1972 ) . As Laura Capon Fermi wrote, it was only in the summer of 1938 that Mussolini launched an anti - Semitic campaign, for which there were no reasons, no excuses, and no preparation – except for the fact that Italy had become Germany’s slave after the Austrian Anschluss . Before then, there were no “Jews” and “Aryans”, only Italians : “Shortly before our departure I overheard a man in working clothes ask another in Rome : ‘Now they are sending away the Jews . But who are the Jews ? ”’ ( Fermi, p . 118 ) . 1954, A census commissioned by Mussolini indicated that 39,000 Jews lived in the country in According to a letter sent by the Italian Ministry of Interior, white - collar individuals – . 1938 free professions, businessmen, industrialists and civil servants – were the majority, including about 12,000 Jews . Only 920 Jews were classified as blue - collar workers ( Buffarini Guidi, . ) 1970 Jews constituted one thousandth of the total population, but their prevalence in major leading positions was much higher . For example, in the academic establishment 96 were associate professors and full professors, 200 lecturers and 133 assistant professors . In the city of Bologna alone, 12 % of the academic staff was Jewish ( Pontecorboli, 2014 ) .
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אדמוני, אריאל
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