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עמוד:*13
* 13 Freud refers to narcissism and narcissistic relationships as part of his extended work on libidinal investment in the self and in the object . According to him, when investment is in the self, others are loved as different representations of oneself . When investment is in an object e . g . the mother as a longed - for figure ) , development of object - oriented relationships is made ( possible . Narcissism and Symbiotic Attachment Freud treats parent - children relations as essentially narcissistic . In his opinion it is a matter of parents projecting the ideal "me" on their children ; as such, the parent nourishes his children and helps them grow and develop a sense of identity and belonging . Accordingly, it may be possible to witness narcissistic relations between a parent and his children alongside object relations, in which the child is loved as an entity separate from his parent ( Klein, 1975 ; Kernberg, The question is, when and why does pathology kick in ? The answer is, when the parent . ) 1984 needs his child to satisfy his needs, or when he expects his child to fulfil his wishes for him Solan, 2007 ) . ( At times, in expecting a reward in his relationship with his children, the parent stifles their mental development as autonomous individuals . This situation is described by Miller as "narcissistic overinvestment", one in which symbiotic attachment takes place, blocking ) 2001 ( development and differentiation . This then is the key characteristic in the development of the narcissistic personality disorder, causing unrelenting suffering in individuals involved in a narcissistic relationship . Symbiotic relations of this type are not indicative of a normal development process and, indeed, serve as fertile ground for the development of the narcissistic personality disorder . Symbiotic attachment signifies an emotional perception of the self - merging with an object ; it is extremely destructive, principally because it means that only symbiotic attachment can attest to ideal love, and any distancing or detachment from it is experienced as abandonment or injury, leading to a sense of annihilation and overwhelming anxiety . The two entities cannot exist separately . An encounter with patients who are victims of narcissistic parents thus re - enacts scenarios of the parent as a phantom in the therapy room . Such a "phantom parent" has in effect possession of parts of his victim's mind, and at times does not give the victim permission to live his life without him or be himself . Spanning all ages, such victims are trapped in symbiotic relationships with a narcissistic figure and are under his absolute control .
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אדמוני, אריאל
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